Kazakhstan's Key Reforms Under President Tokayev
Over the past three years, Kazakhstan has implemented a series of political, economic, and social reforms under President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, aimed at building a more just and prosperous nation. These reforms have reshaped governance, strengthened the economy, and improved citizens' welfare.
2022: Transition to a Presidential-Parliamentary System
A major turning point in 2022 was the transition from a super-presidential system to a presidential-parliamentary model. Following a national referendum, constitutional amendments were introduced to 33 articles, reforming election laws and governance structures.
- A mixed electoral system was introduced for the Mazhilis (lower house of Parliament) and maslikhats (local councils).
- The Constitutional Court, abolished in 1995, was reinstated and began operations in January 2023.
- Over 1.5 trillion tenge (US$2.9 billion) in illegally acquired assets were recovered.
- The National Fund for Children initiative was launched, with annual payments distributed to all children in the country.
- The National Kurultai, a consultative body for public dialogue, was established to shape key reforms.
2023: Strengthening Local Governance and Energy Policy
In 2023, Kazakhstan took steps to enhance local governance and address energy security.
- Democratic Reforms: The country held its first pilot elections for district and city akims (mayors), allowing citizens to elect local leaders directly.
- Nuclear Energy Referendum: A national referendum was held to decide on constructing a nuclear power plant, demonstrating a commitment to public participation in major decisions.
2024: Social and Environmental Reforms
President Tokayev’s 2024 initiatives focused on addressing pressing social issues and promoting sustainable development.
- Tackling Social Challenges: Laws were passed to combat domestic violence, gambling addiction, and drug trafficking.
- Environmental Initiatives: The Taza Kazakhstan (Clean Kazakhstan) campaign was launched to promote ecological awareness and responsibility.
- Year of Working Professions: 2025 was declared the Year of Working Professions, with new state awards established to honor skilled laborers.
Photo credit: Akorda
